1. Classification of core components
1) Speaker
Function: Converts audio electrical signals into sound energy output, and is the core component of the audio system.
Technical features:Uses a pure piston drive design, combined with aluminum and damping materials to reduce distortion.
Sensitivity, frequency response, and directional characteristics directly affect the sound quality.
2)Microphone
Types: Including capacitive (ECM, MEMS), dynamic, piezoelectric, etc.
Application: Voice interaction, active noise reduction and recording scenarios, MEMS microphones have become the first choice for consumer devices due to their high consistency.
Audio connector
Structure: Divided into balanced, separate, and non-separate circuit designs, affecting anti-interference ability and signal transmission quality.
Process requirements: The appearance must be free of burrs and leaks to ensure stability and durability.
3)Dynamic unit
Innovative technology: For example, the runway-type dynamic unit improves acoustic performance by optimizing the diaphragm material, which is suitable for professional microphones and micro speakers.
2. Key performance parameters
Nominal power and impedance: The speaker needs to match the rated power (such as 0.1W~200W) and impedance (4Ω~32Ω) to ensure compatibility.
Frequency response: Determines the audio coverage range, and high-end speakers can reach 23Hz~52kHz.
Distortion: Including harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion, which directly affects the sound quality restoration.
3. Typical application scenarios
Consumer electronics: Smart speakers, headphones, etc. rely on micro speakers and MEMS microphones to achieve high-fidelity interaction.
Professional audio: Floor-standing speaker systems with multi-frequency design meet the high dynamic requirements of theaters and recording studios.
Industrial equipment: Durable piezoelectric ceramics and buzzers are used in scenarios such as alarms and status prompts.
4. Technology development trends
Material innovation: Such as the application of laminated diaphragms and aerospace-grade aluminum materials to improve driver efficiency and durability.
Integrated design: The acoustic module integrates the microphone, speaker, and processing circuit to simplify the internal structure of the device.
